Journal: NeuroImage : Clinical

Article Title: Diffusion basis spectrum imaging measures anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on murine optic neuritis

doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102732

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagram shows experimental design and visual acuity measurement through the entire experiment. (A) DBSI was performed at two weeks prior to active immunization (as baseline), 2, 6, and 10 weeks after treatment started. Treatment commenced if one eye visual acuity (VA) ≤ 0.25cycle/degree (c/d). Red-dashed line indicates the cut-off VA of 0.25c/d. Daily gavage of either Fingolimod (1 mg/kg) or the equal volume of saline was administrated for 10 weeks. (B) Daily VA was performed at the first two weeks after immunization followed by weekly VA from 3 to 10 weeks. Comparing to VA of saline-treated eyes, VA was significant higher in Fingolimod-treated eyes from Day 3 to ten-week treatment ( p < 0.05). ⋆ indicates p < 0.05, comparing to corresponding saline group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Data was processed with DBSI multi-tensor analysis packages developed in-house with Matlab. ( , ).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: NeuroImage : Clinical

Article Title: Diffusion basis spectrum imaging measures anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on murine optic neuritis

doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102732

Figure Lengend Snippet: DBSI-derived non-restricted fraction (putative edema) and restricted (putative cellularity) isotropic tensor fraction maps for representative saline- and fingolimod-treated optic nerves from baseline to 10-week treatment (A). Comparing to baseline, fingolimod effectively suppressed putative inflammation markers, including non-restricted and restricted fractions, after treatment ( p < 0.05, B and C). However, significant increase in saline-treated optic nerves from baseline was shown in non-restricted fraction at all time points ( p < 0.05) and in restricted fraction at 2 and 10 (both p < 0.05) but not at 6 ( p = 0.06) weeks (B and C). Comparing to saline, significantly reduced non-restricted fraction at 6 and 10 weeks ( p < 0.05) in fingolimod-treated optic nerves (B). Mild but not significant reduced restricted fraction was shown in fingolimod-treated optic nerve all the time (C). ⋆ indicates p < 0.05, comparing between saline and fingolimod groups $ indicates p < 0.05, comparing to its baseline within group.

Article Snippet: Data was processed with DBSI multi-tensor analysis packages developed in-house with Matlab. ( , ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Saline

Journal: NeuroImage : Clinical

Article Title: Diffusion basis spectrum imaging measures anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on murine optic neuritis

doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102732

Figure Lengend Snippet: DBSI-derived fiber fraction reflects total signal from anisotropic diffusion tensor components, reflecting axonal fiber density (A, B). Comparing to baseline, significantly decreased fiber fraction was detected at each time point in saline-treated group ( p < 0.05) but not in fingolimod-treated optic nerves at all time points (B). Significantly reduced DWI-derived nerve volume was seen in saline-treated optic nerves ( p < 0.05) but not in fingolimod-treated group from baseline to the rest of time points (C). To remove the confounding effects from inflammation, DBSI-derived axonal volume (D) was computed multiplying fiber fraction (B) by DWI-derived nerve volume (C) in each individual optic nerve. Comparing to baseline, significantly reduced DBSI-derived axonal volume was shown in saline-treated optic nerves ( p < 0.05) but not in fingolimod-treated optic nerves at all time points (D). Comparing to saline group, fingolimod-treated optic nerves showed significantly higher axon volume at all time points (D), suggesting axonal prevention with fingolimod treatment. ⋆ indicates p < 0.05, comparing between saline and fingolimod groups $ indicates p < 0.05, comparing to its baseline within group.

Article Snippet: Data was processed with DBSI multi-tensor analysis packages developed in-house with Matlab. ( , ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Saline

Journal: NeuroImage : Clinical

Article Title: Diffusion basis spectrum imaging measures anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on murine optic neuritis

doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102732

Figure Lengend Snippet: DBSI-derived axial (λ ‖ ) and radial (λ ⊥ ) diffusivity maps of representative saline- and fingolimod-treated optic nerves from baseline to 10-week treatment (A) were derived from anisotropic diffusion tensor components. Comparing to baseline, significantly decreased DBSI-λ ‖ was detected at all time points in saline-treated optic nerves (B, p < 0.05). In contrast, decreased DBSI- λ ‖ was only seen at 2 and 6 weeks in fingolimod-treated optic nerves (B, p < 0.05). Significantly increased DBSI-λ ⊥ was detected in saline-treated (p < 0.05) but not in fingolimod-treated optic nerves at all time points (C). The results showed intermittent axonal injury during fingolimod treatment. After 10-week fingolimod treatment, DBSI-λ ‖ and DBSI-λ ⊥ were not different from their baseline values (B, C). ⋆ indicates p < 0.05, comparing between saline and fingolimod groups $ indicates p < 0.05, comparing to its baseline within group.

Article Snippet: Data was processed with DBSI multi-tensor analysis packages developed in-house with Matlab. ( , ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Saline, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: NeuroImage : Clinical

Article Title: Diffusion basis spectrum imaging measures anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of fingolimod on murine optic neuritis

doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102732

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mixed random-effect regression analysis for the correlation between DBSI parameters and IHC biomarkers. SMI-31 counts and MBP area fraction (the ratio of positive staining counts and total tissue area), SMI-312 area (absolute value of positive staining counts), and DAPI counts were statistically significant associated with DBSI-λ ‖ (A), DBSI-λ ⊥ (B), DBSI-derived axonal volume (C), DBSI restricted isotropic fraction (D), and DBSI non-restricted isotropic fraction (E), suggesting that in vivo DBSI quantitatively reflected the complicated pathologies including axonal injury, demyelination, axonal loss, and cell infiltration.

Article Snippet: Data was processed with DBSI multi-tensor analysis packages developed in-house with Matlab. ( , ).

Techniques: Staining, Derivative Assay, In Vivo